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Wednesday, 26 August 2009

A girl's journey: From dollar-a-day Malawi to elite US prep school


The star scholar of a program that sends girls to school in Malawi spent the summer at Phillips Exeter Academy. But as she returns home, challenges loom.

Exeter, N.H. - Idah Savala is navigating several new experiences these days: going ice skating, eating a snow cone, shopping at Wal-Mart – not to mention her first airplane ride and her first trip beyond the borders of her home country, Malawi.

In an unlikely journey that most girls in Malawi can only dream of, this 16-year-old from a rural village spent the summer attending Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire.

She's one of 17 girls who go to secondary school in Malawi thanks to scholarships from Advancing Girls' Education in Africa (AGE), a small nonprofit organization founded four years ago with donations from Monitor readers. Through her hard work at school, the kindness of a stranger who sponsored her trip, and the efforts of AGE, she was able to attend one of the premier secondary schools in the United States.

What is driving Idah in her endeavor is not the new experiences themselves, but the knowledge of what she will do with them when she returns home. She wants to use her time at Phillips Exeter in pursuit of her goal: helping to ease the shortage of doctors in Malawi by becoming one.

But Idah worries about finding a way to continue her education after secondary school, when AGE support ends. Her story is an example of what the organization has managed to achieve in just a few years of existence. But it also highlights the hurdles to come: With many of its students just a year away from graduation, AGE has begun a new focus on preparing them for life after secondary school.

"One of the things we've had to learn is that scholarships alone are not enough, because the challenges [the girls] face are too much," says Xanthe Ackerman, AGE's founder and a board member. "Once we get them into the schools, how do we target those challenges?… It's been a learning process in how much it takes to help these girls break through an incredibly dense ceiling."

AGE began in 2005 after a story by Ms. Ackerman in The Christian Science Monitor detailed what it was like to live on $1 a day in rural Malawi. Readers wrote in asking how they could help, and AGE, which is unaffiliated with the Monitor, was soon founded with their donations. AGE has sent more than 20 girls to school, funding about 60 scholarship years.

The program will admit two new students in the next academic term, says Ben Chambers, AGE's program director in Malawi. But the new focus is not on expanding the program. Instead, the aim is to bolster it with career guidance and academic mentoring so girls have the best chance to succeed – in school and afterward.

AGE will have its work cut out for it: When Christine Beggs, a recent graduate of Tufts University's Global Master of Arts Program, evaluated the group this summer, she found that students knew little about the details and realities of postsecondary school opportunities.

The young women in the AGE program face tough hurdles after graduation if they decide to deviate from the cultural norm in many families – returning home and getting married.

Admissions to Malawi's two public universities are extremely competitive, with thousands of students vying for hundreds of seats. Even if students are accepted, they must confront the challenge of paying for it. Mr. Chambers says AGE is figuring out how to help students develop contingency plans, like starting small businesses, working in government as health-surveillance assistants at rural clinics, or working with small organizations at the village level.

Idah, a self-assured young woman with a quick smile who sings in the glee club at Exeter, knows the difficulties she faces upon her return. "It's hard, and I know it's hard, but when I work hard, I think I can make it," she says. She is less sure about paying for university schooling.

When she's not at Malawi's Providence Girls Secondary School, where she shares a room with 20 other girls, Idah lives with her single mother and siblings in the rural village of Misomali. "Most girls in my village who are the same age as me, they don't go to school," says Idah. "They got married and they have children. I don't have friends in my village. "

She says she's not interested in boys or marriage at the moment – she has other priorities. "I want to get married when I'll be independent," she says.

Idah's time at Exeter became possible when Claude Hoopes, an alumnus and former trustee, learned of her drive and academic achievement from Ackerman. Mr. Hoopes contacted Ethan Shapiro, director of the summer school, who agreed to admit Idah on a full scholarship. Hoopes paid for her travel to the US.

"It's ... amazing ... to imagine what she's seeing for the first time," says Hoopes. "We had a concern [about whether] the shock of all of that would be too much, and to her total singular credit, she just has a confidence and a sense of purpose ... to such a degree that she has taken to the opportunity far better than we could have imagined."

Mr. Shapiro says the school would "absolutely" be open to hosting more Malawian students, and Idah says she talked with the Exeter admissions office about the possibility of returning after her graduation in Malawi for an academic year at Exeter. But AGE officials are circumspect about sending more students to Exeter, saying it's too early to judge whether it would be productive. They are concerned about Idah's transition back to Malawi – and whether she will be satisfied with her life there after all she's seen and experienced in the US.

But Idah doesn't seem worried. Yes, her sisters may covet her new tennis shoes, and she won't have access to as many books when she's home. But she says the science classes have helped prepare her for a career in the medical field.

"Most people, when they study medicine, after finishing, they go to different countries to work," Idah says. "But I want to help Malawi."

Malawi court says ex-president can stay in Britain

The Malawi High Court has thrown out a challenge from the country's anti-graft body which wanted to stop former president Bakili Muluzi from extending his stay in Britain where he is receiving medical treatment.

Muluzi is accused of diverting $11 million from donors. He was allowed to go to Britain last month to undergo treatment for a prolapsed disc - a medical condition affecting the spine.

But the Anti-Corruption Bureau asked the High Court not to allow Muluzi to extend his stay on suspicion that he was not receiving any treatment in Britain.

"I find the ACB arguments so petty and they have failed to furnish this court with evidence to back their claims and suspicions that Muluzi is not on treatment," Judge Anaclet Chipeta said.

Muluzi is due back in Malawi in December.

The bureau has been investigating Muluzi for two years on suspicion of siphoning money from Taiwan, Morocco, Libya and other donors.

Muluzi, who has diabetes and high blood pressure, denies any wrongdoing and says he is the victim of a political conspiracy. He was barred from contesting the presidential election in May, which was won by President Bingu Wa Mutharika.

Muluzi was arrested in February and charged with 87 counts of diverting money into his private account, but he is not being detained. He ruled the southern African country for 10 years until 2004.

Muluzi's lawyer Jai Banda told Reuters that his client's doctors had proposed that he undergoes surgery in Britain followed by 10-11 weeks of physiotherapy. Muluzi had similar surgery for a prolapsed disc condition two years ago.

African governments move to monitor Internet communications

Southern African countries including Zambia, Malawi, Namibia and Zimbabwe are grappling with the question of whether to intercept and monitor mobile phone calls as well as Internet and other electronic services including communications over social networks.

Southern African countries including Zambia, Malawi, Namibia and Zimbabwe are grappling with the question of whether to intercept and monitor mobile phone calls as well as Internet and other electronic services including communications over social networks.

While some countries are opening the telecom sector to all forms of services and social networks, others are closing up, claiming Internet and mobile phones are putting the security of the countries at risk. A number of laws and regulations are being developed by some Southern African countries that give powers to regulators, service providers and government security agents to censor Web sites and intercept mobile and Net-based calls.

But the technology sector is warning that the censorship laws are certain to scare aware investments by regional and international service providers that may fear that investing in such countries restricts their freedom to roll out new services, including 3G technology.

The Malawi Communications and Regulatory Authority (Macra) has announced that it has passed a new regulation under which it will start monitoring the Internet and intercepting all electronic communications throughout the country. Macra is Malawi's telecom sector regulator. But it is the first time that the regulator is being given censorship powers by the government.

ISPs in Malawi will also be pressed by the new law to monitor social-networking sites including Twitter, Facebook and the Malawiana -- a local social-network site -- and any so-called "illegal content" in e-mail communications by Malawians on Yahoo, Hotmail, Gmail and other e-mail services.

The law also means that digital satellite televisions will also be censored in Malawi.

Malawian Minister of Information Leckford Thotho said the government passed a law creating a new tool for censorship because the number of people with Internet and mobile phones access has increased over the past years.

"As the number of Internet users has been growing steadily over the past years, there is now a need to monitor what people were doing on the Internet to ensure that they do not involve themselves in unlawful acts," Thotho said.

Internet users in Malawi are already complaining that the Malawian government will be violating their privacy by reading e-mail and listening to their conversations.

Malawi has become the second country in Southern Africa after Namibia to develop Internet and mobile censorship laws. In July Namibian lawmakers passed the spy law, which calls for interception centers to be manned by secret service officers who can screen e-mail, SMS (short message system) texts and Internet usage, including banking services.

The Zambian government, on the other hand, said it has developed laws that allow people to communicate without government interference. The new Zambian law further allows service providers to deploy any form of technology on their networks that will allow subscribers to have access to services available around the world.

Zambian President Rupiah Banda said Zambian government was committed to providing an ICT regulatory environment that encourages private sector participation in the Zambian economy. Aware that spy laws scare away international telecom investors, Banda said he is confident that the current ICT reforms would generate national development through the use of ICT.

Banda said the Zambian government wants to use technology to enhance the country's national profile and its standing as a regional ICT hub.

The Zimbabwean government drafted and presented the spy bill to parliament, but it was later withdrawn after people protested.

African governments move to monitor Internet communications

Southern African countries including Zambia, Malawi, Namibia and Zimbabwe are grappling with the question of whether to intercept and monitor mobile phone calls as well as Internet and other electronic services including communications over social networks.

Southern African countries including Zambia, Malawi, Namibia and Zimbabwe are grappling with the question of whether to intercept and monitor mobile phone calls as well as Internet and other electronic services including communications over social networks.

While some countries are opening the telecom sector to all forms of services and social networks, others are closing up, claiming Internet and mobile phones are putting the security of the countries at risk. A number of laws and regulations are being developed by some Southern African countries that give powers to regulators, service providers and government security agents to censor Web sites and intercept mobile and Net-based calls.

But the technology sector is warning that the censorship laws are certain to scare aware investments by regional and international service providers that may fear that investing in such countries restricts their freedom to roll out new services, including 3G technology.

The Malawi Communications and Regulatory Authority (Macra) has announced that it has passed a new regulation under which it will start monitoring the Internet and intercepting all electronic communications throughout the country. Macra is Malawi's telecom sector regulator. But it is the first time that the regulator is being given censorship powers by the government.

ISPs in Malawi will also be pressed by the new law to monitor social-networking sites including Twitter, Facebook and the Malawiana -- a local social-network site -- and any so-called "illegal content" in e-mail communications by Malawians on Yahoo, Hotmail, Gmail and other e-mail services.

The law also means that digital satellite televisions will also be censored in Malawi.

Malawian Minister of Information Leckford Thotho said the government passed a law creating a new tool for censorship because the number of people with Internet and mobile phones access has increased over the past years.

"As the number of Internet users has been growing steadily over the past years, there is now a need to monitor what people were doing on the Internet to ensure that they do not involve themselves in unlawful acts," Thotho said.

Internet users in Malawi are already complaining that the Malawian government will be violating their privacy by reading e-mail and listening to their conversations.

Malawi has become the second country in Southern Africa after Namibia to develop Internet and mobile censorship laws. In July Namibian lawmakers passed the spy law, which calls for interception centers to be manned by secret service officers who can screen e-mail, SMS (short message system) texts and Internet usage, including banking services.

The Zambian government, on the other hand, said it has developed laws that allow people to communicate without government interference. The new Zambian law further allows service providers to deploy any form of technology on their networks that will allow subscribers to have access to services available around the world.

Zambian President Rupiah Banda said Zambian government was committed to providing an ICT regulatory environment that encourages private sector participation in the Zambian economy. Aware that spy laws scare away international telecom investors, Banda said he is confident that the current ICT reforms would generate national development through the use of ICT.

Banda said the Zambian government wants to use technology to enhance the country's national profile and its standing as a regional ICT hub.

The Zimbabwean government drafted and presented the spy bill to parliament, but it was later withdrawn after people protested.

Strong rains boost Malawi tea output - official

Malawi's second-biggest foreign exchange earner after tobacco, and from coffee are set to rise this year due to strong rains, a senior agriculture official has said.

'Between January and July this year, 34,000 metric tonnes of tea was produced compared to 31,000 metric tonnes during the same period last year,' Agriculture ministry principal secretary Andrew Daudi told Reuters.

He said overall production would exceed last year's 45,000 tonnes, but did not give a precise estimate.

Tea accounts for 7.9 per cent of foreign exchange earnings in Malawi, Africa's second biggest producer after Kenya.

The ministry also said coffee production had slightly increased from 1,810 tonnes last year to 1,900 tonnes, with projected earnings of $4.5 million this year.

Agriculture drives the southern African nation's economy, which in recent years has experienced phenomenal growth. In the last four years, annual expansion has averaged 7 per cent.

To see Malawi’s child tobacco pickers ‘being poisoned by nicotine’ click here

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8218253.stm

The Cherokeean Herald

HOUSTON – (Aug. 20, 2009) – A new grant to renovate the pediatric ward at Kamuzu Central Hospital is helping the Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative and the Malawi Ministry of Health improve health services for all children seeking care at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Malawi.

The rehabilitation of the ward follows the opening of the Baylor Clinical Center of Excellence at Kamuzu, which provides state-of-the-art care for children with HIV.

Both of these programs are supported by the Abbott Fund, the philanthropic foundation of Abbott, the global health care company.

Kamuzu Central Hospital is the primary referral center for the central region of Malawi, which is estimated to have a population of 2.5 million children.

Currently, the hospital’s pediatric ward has 215 beds and admits an average of 859 children a month, or 28 children a day, limiting the capacity of children the hospital can serve.

There are an estimated 88,000 children infected with HIV/AIDS in Malawi and 850,000 orphaned by the disease.

“The modernization of the Kamuzu pediatric ward is another step in the Abbott Fund's commitment to enhancing access to health care throughout the world,” said Catherine Babington, president of the Abbott Fund. “It will add critical and sustainable hospital capacity in Malawi, and provide higher quality care for pediatric patients.”

The Abbott Fund is providing $1.5 million to support this new effort.

Major goals of the rehabilitation include the reduction of patient crowding and transmission of diarrheal and respiratory illnesses, improvement of access to health care providers for patients, better resource allocation and creation of more space for efficient emergency services.

Construction began in early August 2009 and is anticipated to be completed by the end of December 2009.

“Malawi has one of the highest childhood mortality rates in children under age 5 in the world,” said Mike Mizwa, senior vice president and chief operating officer of BIPAI. “This excessive mortality can be attributed to both the direct effects of HIV/AIDS as well as compromised care of orphaned children or children whose parents are also ravaged by the infection.”

The hospital serves as a primary access point to identification, care and treatment of HIV/AIDS in Malawian children, and the much-needed renovations combined with the pediatric Center of Excellence are expected to improve management of pediatric HIV/AIDS care in the region.

Uganda battles Malawi in U-17

WHILE teamwork is a significant component for any successful football side, individual contributions can prove exceptionally precious.

And that is why U-17 coach Richard Wasswa will do just about everything to ensure his injured attacking pair of Dan Sserunkuuma and Julius Ssenoga makes today’s quarterfinal fixture against Malawi.

Were they to be any other, with the exception of Kizito Luwaga, the two need for pain relieving treatment would have ideally ruled them out of first team contention.

The two strikers who have been exciting in the team’s impressive run in the championship missed Uganda’s 1-0 defeat to Zanzibar.

Their absence was felt going forward, the main reason Wasswa will probably feels no other players will be capable of delivering the goals needed to overrun the Malawians.

Wasswa will send his charges out with an ultimatum of passing the ball around or suffer the consequences.

Rwanda was eliminated from the event after a 1-1 draw against Burundi, while Malawi managed the same result against Sudan.

Malawi should tighten fiscal,monetary policy: finance minister

LILONGWE (Reuters) - Malawi should tighten fiscal and monetary policies and focus on reducing inflation, Finance Minister Ken Kandodo said on Tuesday.

In an interview with Reuters, Kandodo said the central bank should boost its foreign reserves and contain the acceleration in money supply growth.

"We are concerned with the low levels of foreign reserves (and) acceleration in money supply growth and this is the reason why it is essential that the Reserve Bank tightens both the fiscal and monetary policy stance if the goal of reserves accumulation is to be achieved," Kandodo said.

"Our monetary policy must continue focusing on reducing inflation, providing sufficient liquidity to support economic activity while allowing for a gradual build up in the official reserves," he said.

Kandodo projected inflation would average 9 percent for calendar year 2009.

Malawi's headline inflation slowed to 8.0 percent year-on-year in June. Inflation in the southern African country has been on a downward trend since hitting a two-year peak of 10.1 percent year-on-year in January.

The latest Reserve Bank of Malawi monetary policy committee minutes show that as of mid-July 2009 foreign reserves declined to $109.9 million or 0.85 months of import cover.

Growth in broad money supply (M2) accelerated to by K8.1 billion (US$57 million) to K155.4 billion in June as net domestic assets and net foreign assets expanded by 5.1 percent and 21.0 percent, respectively.

Kandodo said private sector reserves tumbled in June by 17.9 percent to US$144.3 million.

During the same period monetary operations were expansionary and supplied liquidity to the market through discount window accommodation, which more than tripled from the previous month's level to US$355 million.

Malawi Economists Push for Devaluation of Currency

In Malawi, pressure is mounting from economists who are pushing the government to devalue the currency, the kwacha. Some say it's an appropriate response to the devaluation of major currencies such as the US dollar and the British Pound sterling. But President Mutharika refuses.

The kwacha recently traded at MK140 against the US dollar. It's been steady at that rate for the past three years, and local economists say that's bad forthe economy. They say continuing to peg the kwacha to a major currency, especially the dollar, is a recipe for disaster. They say it has created a booming parallel, or black market, where there's a better exchange rate– up to 50 kwacha more per dollar. Some analysts say the black market rate is the true value of the kwacha and that de-linking it from the dollar will help reduce Malawi'schronic shortage of foreign reserves. Since last year the country has been hit by foreign exchange shortages.

The president of the Economics Association of Malawi, Thomas Munthali, says the strong kwacha has been hurting the economy by making Malawi exports more expensive for foreign customers.

Munthali said the kwacha should be devalued by about 25 kwacha to about K167to the dollar. The advice was part of his presentation at a recent workshop on the budget in the capital, Lilongwe. He said currently the exchange rate is overvalued by about 19 percent.

The World Bank agrees and is calling on the government to devalue the kwacha.
world bank logo malawi 93 23oct02 eagle eng2a.jpg

Tim Gilbo is the Malawi World Bank country representative. A local daily newspaper recently quoted him as supporting the call for devaluation. He said it could shield the country from major global shocks, especially during the current global financial meltdown.

Gilbo said in many countries, the public tends to perceive weak currencies as bad. But he said a weak Kwacha would actually improve Malawi's competitiveness on the global market. As an example, Gilbo cited his native Australia, which he said devalued its currency in 1997 by almost 50 percent. He said the move has helped the country withstand the current financial crisis by making its exports cheaper.

Malawi president Bingu Wa Mutharika
Malawi president Bingu Wa Mutharika
But Malawi president Bingu wa Mutharika says devaluation would help those few who are hoarding US dollars. "The devaluation of Kwacha will only benefit a few individuals," particularly non-Africans, he says. "They want to push [it], because they [will] go to the market and convert the kwacha to US dollars and keep it. Suppose we devalue, they will quickly off-load their dollars, make huge sums of money (out of that). These are the ones to benefit."

So President Mutharika said he will not support the move. "I have resisted devaluation and will continue to resist devaluation, because I need to give the business community and everybody in Malawi a stable foreign exchange regime. And I am an economist. I understand and follow what is happening around the world. I am not going to devalue the kwacha to please one or two people," he says.

But the Malawi Confederation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry, which supports devaluation, is calling on the government to make more dollars available to the commercial banking system. Economists say this can be done in part by cracking down on the black market and unlicensed foreign exchange bureaus.

Executive director of the confederation, Chancellor Kaferapanjira, said that should help the government maintain the value of the kwacha.